“TMJ” refers to Temporomandibular joint disorder. The Temporomandibular joint connects the lower part of the jaw, the mandible, to the temporal bone in the skull. TMJ is a term that covers a variety of chronic or acute pain or inflammation in the muscles surrounding the temporomandibular joint.

Some common symptoms of TMJ include:

• Pain or discomfort when biting, chewing, or speaking
• Popping or clicking sounds when opening and closing the mouth
• Headaches or migraines
• Limited mobility of the jaw
• Swelling in the face
• “Earache” or generalized pain around the ears
• Ringing in the ears

Diagnosing TMJ

TMJ is diagnosed by first performing a painless physical examination checking for pain and tenderness, listening for any clicking sounds, and examining the bite. Panoramic X-rays and other imaging tests such as a CT scan or an MRI may be performed to provide the dentist with a better picture of the jaw.

What Causes TMJ?

The symptoms of TMJ are caused by wear of the cartilage and bone components of the joint.

Sometimes, TMJ can be caused by the structure of the mouth. When chewing, teeth meet together and equally distribute the forces of the moving jaw. When these surfaces do not meet correctly, such as when tooth loss has occurred, or the bite is misaligned, extra pressure may be placed on the muscles and tissues surrounding the jaw, and the symptoms of TMJ may result.

Some habits may cause the symptoms of TMJ as well. Grinding or clenching of the jaw, known as bruxism, is a common cause of TMJ. Generally it is done unconsciously. Nail biting, excessive gum chewing, and external trauma to the jaw are other notable causes.

Treating TMJ

Generally, treatments for TMJ do not permanently alter the jaw. In fact, the majority of patients do not require surgery to treat this condition. There are simple things one can do at home to alleviate symptoms. Ice packs and over the counter pain relievers such as NSAIDs (ibuprofen, naproxen) may help to reduce pain along with inflammation associated with TMJ.

Splints and night guards may also be effective treatments. Because bruxism plays a role in many cases of TMJ, your dentist may prescribe a guard to protect teeth at night. In cases where grinding and clenching occur throughout the day, devices called neuromuscular orthotics, or splints, may become an option. Both devices work by protecting biting surfaces and helping to realign the jaw. The main difference is that night guards are only worn at night while splints are worn continuously. Reducing stress through relaxation and therapy can also help reduce clenching and grinding of the teeth.

Your dentist may also suggest corrective dentistry as a treatment for TMJ. This might include replacing missing teeth with bridges or crowns or using braces to realign the teeth may aid in correcting problems bite alignment.