Diabetes is a condition in which the body is not able to effectively regulate blood sugar levels. Since blood circulates throughout the body, the condition can contribute to a wide range of health challenges, including a variety of dental problems.

Gum Disease

Diabetics tend to have more frequent bouts with gum disease than is typical for non-diabetes. In addition, gum disease among diabetics often takes on a more severe form. These problems, also known as gum inflammation, gingivitis and periodontitis, are caused by a combination of factors. Diabetes weakens white blood cells, depriving the body of one of its most important defense mechanisms against bacterial infections. In addition, diabetes leads to thickened blood vessels which are less efficient at carrying away waste products. The mouth can therefore become a breeding ground for the bacteria that cause gum disease.

Dry Mouth

Another complication of diabetes is a reduced flow of saliva. Dry mouth, however, is more than an inconvenience; it can lead to a number of other problems including additional infections, sore spots, oral ulcers, and even tooth decay.

Thrush

Because diabetes makes the body more vulnerable to infections, diabetics may often be taking antibiotics. Unfortunately, the combination of antibiotics with poorly controlled blood sugar levels can lead to thrush, a fungal infection of the mouth. Thrush causes a series of whitish, possibly painful lesions in the mouth and throat. It can also lead to fever and difficulties with swallowing. A common symptom of thrush is the sensation that the tongue is burning. At times, this burning sensation may affect the entire mouth area.

Slower Healing

When blood levels are not adequately regulated, tissues find it more difficult to heal. This has strong implications for any diabetics who have had dental surgery or other oral procedures. A longer healing time may be required, and this can sometimes lead to complications that make another trip to the dentist necessary.

A Caution for Smokers

Not all diabetics will suffer from these dental problems. Smoking, however, greatly increases a diabetic’s risk of gum disease and thrush.

What Can Diabetics Do to Promote Good Oral Health?

One of the most important things diabetics can do for their general health is also critical for their dental health: They should do everything they can to maintain healthy blood sugar levels.

In addition, diabetics need to be open with their dental care providers about the progress of their condition. When visiting the dentist, patients should discuss any insulin reactions, also known as low blood sugar episodes, that they have experienced. Dentists need to know not only when the last such episode occurred, but also how frequently they tend to strike.

Living with diabetes can be a challenge, but by working closely with a dentist, patients can maximize their chances for continued good oral health.