Since the 1800s, dentists have filled cavities with silver amalgam, an alloy of metals that includes mercury. U.S. dentists continue to place millions of amalgam fillings each year. Recently, however, concerns have grown regarding the presence of mercury in silver amalgam fillings. According to some sources, the mercury poisons the entire body and causes a variety of ailments. Below is a deeper look at the contents and safety of silver amalgam fillings.
Content and Use of Amalgam Fillings
Dental amalgam is an alloy of metals, including about half mercury, around 25 percent silver, a bit less tin and copper and a small amount of trace metals. Due to their silver color, they are normally referred to as “silver fillings.” The amalgam is soft before being placed, allowing easier use by dentists and a faster procedure appreciated by everyone.
To place silver amalgam fillings, the dentist removes traces of the cavity from the tooth before shaping the hole for the filling. The amalgam is formed as the dentist mixes liquid mercury with an alloy powder. Finally, the dentist places the amalgam, which hardens on its own after the procedure.
Concerns About Amalgam Fillings
Some say that the mercury contained in amalgam fillings is hazardous to the human body, especially for those who are sensitive to it. Studies have shown that mercury poisoning could damage the nervous system and contribute to high blood pressure and infertility. Some say that amalgam fillings are connected to Alzheimer’s disease, depression and chronic fatigue.
A small amount of mercury is released during placement and could cause problems for sensitive patients. However, some claim that significant mercury is released by the fillings for as long as they are present. While some say that very few people are sensitive to the amounts of mercury released by silver amalgam fillings, others claim that up to one in five people with amalgam fillings show signs of sensitivity toward the mercury they contain.
Benefits of Amalgam Fillings
Studies have shown that mercury levels in people with amalgam fillings are still far below levels that cause health problems. In fact, this has even been found to be true for people with as many as 15 fillings. The easy insertion and durability of amalgam fillings makes them ideal for use in a wide range of patients. Once hardened, amalgam fillings easily withstand chewing. Their affordability makes it possible for more patients to avoid the problems caused by uncontrolled tooth decay. Compared to composite fillings, amalgam fillings often last longer and are more easily restored later if necessary.
Although the safety of mercury amalgam fillings has been questioned in recent years, their safety is supported by numerous studies as well as the American Dental Association. Some patients prefer composite fillings for their white color, but in cases where there is no specific sensitivity to mercury, there is no reason to have amalgam fillings replaced with composite fillings. The safety, low cost, durability and easy placement of amalgams makes them a great choice today just as they were more than 100 years ago.